Artigos Publicados
Estão disponíveis aqui os artigos publicados por integrantes do grupo OCCA em revistas científicas.
Accessibility analysis for the visually impaired using LazarilloApp
Resumo: Visual impairment causes limitations, including mobility. Studies show that there are about 1.3 billion people in the world with some type of visual impairment. Another important factor refers to the need to include these visually impaired people in schools and universities, for autonomy, learning and personal development. Public policies seek to implement measures that ensure the inclusion of people with disabilities, in order to ensure the use of environments in an equal manner. However, these measures are not implemented due to several factors, such as the lack of knowledge of professionals and the lack of financial and technological resources. This research project aimed to evaluate the use of LazarilloApp, a georeferencing application that helps the mobility of people with visual impairment. The tests were conducted at a university in Brazil. Although it has many features and potential, the application was partially effective and efficient, since in only one of the four routes drawn by it the user arrived at the destination. The accessibility problems identified reinforce the need to enable access through structural changes in physical spaces. The results indicate the need to foster the improvement of the functionalities of LazarilloApp and other mobile applications of free access, for the disabled.
Acesse em: Accessibility analysis for the visually impaired using LazarilloApp
Acute and subacute (28 days) oral toxicity studies of tucum almond oil (Bactris Setosa Mart.) in mice
Resumo: Oils extracted from almonds are often used with particular interest due to their prospective health effects and benefits. Tucum is a Pantanal fruit widely consumed by local population and no in vivo toxicity studies regarding its safety are available in the literature to date. This study investigated the acute and subacute toxicity of tucum almond oil (TAO) in mice by evaluating its safety profile. For the acute (2000 mg/kg) and subacute (250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg) toxicity studies, TAO was administered orally to mice according to 425 and 407 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development Guidelines, respectively. Food intake, body, and organ weight of animals were recorded. Signs of toxicity were assessed, and hematological, biochemical and histopathological analyses were performed. In the acute toxicity study, no mortality or behavioral changes were observed in mice treated with 2000 mg/kg, indicating that LD50 is higher than this dose. In the subacute toxicity test, the doses evaluated did not produce relevant changes in hematological, biochemical or histopathological parameters in the exposed animals. The data obtained suggest that TAO did not induce toxicity after exposure to a single or repeated doses and LD50 value may be considered to be more than 2000 mg/kg body weight.
Palavras-chave: Arecaceae. LD50. Preclinical Studies. Repeated Doses. Safety.
Açai supplementarion (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) attenuates cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction in rats through different mechanistic pathways
Resumo: Myocardial infarction has a high mortality rate worldwide. Therefore, clinical intervention in cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction is essential. Açai pulp is a natural product and has been considered a functional food because of its antioxidant/anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of the present study was to analyze the effect of açai pulp supplementation on cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction in rats. After 7 days of surgery, male Wistar rats were assigned to six groups: sham animals fed standard chow (SA0, n = 14), fed standard chow with 2% açai pulp (SA2, n = 12) and fed standard chow with 5% açai pulp (SA5, n = 14), infarcted animals fed standard chow (IA0, n = 12), fed standard chow with 2% açai pulp (IA2, n = 12), and fed standard chow with 5% açai pulp (IA5, n = 12). After 3 months of supplementation, echocardiography and euthanasia were performed. Açai pulp supplementation, after myocardial infarction, improved energy metabolism, attenuated oxidative stress (lower concentration of malondialdehyde, P = 0.023; dose-dependent effect), modulated the inflammatory process (lower concentration of interleukin-10, P<0.001; dose-dependent effect) and decreased the deposit of collagen (lower percentage of interstitial collagen fraction, P<0.001; dose-dependent effect). In conclusion, açai pulp supplementation attenuated cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction in rats. Also, different doses of açai pulp supplementation have dose-dependent effects on cardiac remodeling.
Addition of orange peel in orange jam: Sensory, physicochemical and nutritional characteristics evaluation
Resumo: Orange is highly nutritious and a source of phytochemical compounds. However, its by-products are usually discarded. In this study, we evaluated the effect of orange peel (OP) addition in orange jam on sensory, physicochemical, and nutritional characteristics. Four jam formulations were elaborated with different OP levels: OP0 (standard), OP4, OP8, and OP12 (Orange Peel 0, 4, 8 and 12%, respectively). All samples were evaluated for sensory acceptability, and physicochemical and nutritional composition. The addition of 12% orange peel in jam reduced (p < 0.05) the acceptability for all evaluated attributes, as well as overall acceptance and purchase intention. However, OP utilization increased (p < 0.05) the levels of water activity, soluble solids, titratable acidity, and sugars. Soluble solids/titratable acidity ratio, luminosity (L*), and yellow content (b*) decreased in all added OP jams, while red content (a*) increased. No change in the pH and moisture values of the product were observed after OP addition. Ash, protein, lipid, dietary fiber, ascorbic acid, carotenoids, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant capacity values increased after OP addition, while carbohydrate and energy content decreased. A texture test showed that adhesiveness decreased, while gumminess, chewiness, and elasticity increased after OP addition. We concluded that the addition of up to 8% orange peel in jam maintains sensory acceptability similar to that of the standard product. OP addition is a viable alternative to improve some of the product’s physicochemical and nutritional characteristics.
Palavras-chave: By-products. Citrus. Jam. Orange. Sensory attributes. Bioactive compounds. Food reuse. Sweets.
Atletas tenistas adolescentes de alto rendimento: Perfil de consumo e composição corporal
Resumo: O tênis é um esporte intermitente, com movimentos de alta intensidade e curta duração. O presente estudo objetivou avaliar o estado nutricional focado no consumo alimentar e composição corporal de atletas adolescentes de alto rendimento. Estudo observacional, transversal, com abordagem quantitativa realizado com 9 atletas de uma escola de tênis de Campo Grande-MS, de ambos os sexos, com idades entre 10 e 15 anos. Utilizou-se inquérito dietético de frequência alimentar específico para atletas, comparando-se com as recomendações nutricionais da International Society of Sports Nutrition de energia e macronutrientes e do Institute of Medicine para micronutrientes. As medidas antropométricas de peso, estatura, circunferências de braço e cintura e dobras cutâneas foram realizadas para a determinação da gordura corporal (%) e da massa livre de gordura (kg). Observou-se consumo energético com 77,8% de adequação em relação as recomendações, carboidratos de 6,9 g/kg/dia, proteína de 2,0 g/kg/dia e lipídios de 1,9 g/kg/dia. A ingestão de cálcio estava abaixo da recomendação em 100% dos casos. A média de ingestão de zinco, vitamina E e C apresentaram inadequações estando superiores às recomendações. O percentual de gordura corporal estava adequado em apenas 33,3% dos tenistas. A maioria dos atletas apresentaram ingestão inadequada de proteínas e micronutrientes, que pode estar refletindo na composição corporal.
Palavras-chave: Nutrição esportiva. Tênis. Avaliação nutricional. Adolescência.
Acesse em: Atletas tenistas adolescentes de alto rendimento: Perfil de consumo e composição corporal
Biotechnological potential of Hancornia speciosa whole tree: A narrative review from composition to health applicability
Resumo: Mangabeira (Hancornia speciosa) is a Brazilian tree and a socioeconomic key due to the commercialization of its food products and tree parts to treat health conditions empirically. This review gathers the main chemical, and microbiological characteristics of the mangabeira tree parts (leaves, fruits, tree bark, latex, and seeds), emphasizing its applicability in food science and focusing on its bioapplicability in health conditions. Leaves, fruits, and tree bark can be used to develop functional foods, and phytochemical products; the tree latex have great potential in the bioengineering material field; and the seeds in sustainable energy production. Leaves and fruits were the main samples bioapplied in health conditions in vitro (oxidative stress and chemopreventive effect) and in vivo (gastrointestinal and cardiovascular health, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic effect), whereas tree bark and latex also exhibited health effects and seeds showed low cytotoxicity. All parts of the mangabeira tree can be explored by extractivist families and industries from a sustainable point of view.
Cane With Eletronic Wet Dirt Identifier For The Visually Impaired
Resumo: Vision impairment affects approximately 18% of the world population and impacts directly on people’s quality and style of life. The cane is a self-help device used by visually impaired people to improve their functional abilities. When storing or handling a dirty cane with wet dirt on its tip the person may experience an embarrassing and hazardous situation, since the cane can be infected with harmful bacteria deriving from dirt exchanged on the street. This study developed an electronic wet dirt identifier containing an YL-69 moisture detector controlled by an Arduino Nano board installed on a cane with the objective of alerting the disabled through sound and vibration warnings at the presence of wet dirt attached to the cane. The equipment developed was tested and calibrated in a controlled environment and proved adequate to identify and distinguish types of wet dirt adapting to any type of cane. This research presents relevant social potential since it guarantees the physical integrity of the disabled and generates a versatile self-help device, which is cheap and easy to implement.
Acesse em: Cane With Eletronic Wet Dirt Identifier For The Visually Impaired
Combination of cafeteria diet with intraperitoneally streptozotocin in rats. A type-2 diabetes model
Resumo: Purpose: To develop a model of induction of type-2 diabetes (DM2) by combining low doses of streptozotocin (STZ) and a cafeteria diet. Methods: Forty male Wistar rats (200 g) were allocated into four groups: control (non-diabetic, n = 10); STZ 30 mg/kg (diabetic, n = 10); STZ 35 mg/kg (diabetic,n = 10); and STZ 40 mg/kg (diabetic, n = 10). DM2 was induced with a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ after four weeks of cafeteria diet in the three diabetic groups. All animals were evaluated as for anthropometric, and biochemical analyses, as well as liver, kidney and pancreas histological analyses. Results: Lower weight gain, higher water intake, higher Lee index, hyperglycemia and modified total protein, urea, alpha-amylase, as well as insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, pancreas, and kidney injury were observed in animals treated with 35 and 40 mg/kg of STZ. Conclusions: The results show that the experimental model using cafeteria diet associated with 35 mg/kg of STZ is a low-cost model and efficient in order to develop DM2, confirmed by the presence of polydipsia, hyperglycemia, altered biochemical tests, insulin resistance and damages to the liver, pancreas and kidney, which is similar to the disease found in humans.
Palavras-chave: Liver. Hyperglycemia. Body Weight. Pancreas. Models. Animal.
Acesse em: Combination of cafeteria diet with intraperitoneally streptozotocin in rats. A type-2 diabetes model
Comportamento alimentar, satisfação corporal e percepção da qualidade de vida na população transgênera brasileira
Resumo: Pessoas trans apresentam níveis elevados de insatisfação corporal devido à disforia de gênero e fatores sociais, podendo gerar pior percepção da qualidade de vida e risco para desenvolvimento de Transtornos Alimentares (TA). Esta pesquisa objetiva elucidar os fatores associados à qualidade de vida da população trans, entre eles a disforia de gênero, percepção da imagem corporal, nível de satisfação corporal e comportamento alimentar.
Palavras-chave: Transgênero. Imagem Corporal. Comportamento Alimentar. Transtornos Alimentares. Qualidade de vida.
Do Food Intake and Food Cravings Change during the Menstrual Cycle of Young Women?
Resumo: Objective: The aim of the present study was to assess the anthropometric measures, food intake and food cravings during the menstrual cycle of undergraduate students of the faculty of nutrition. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed with 27 students from a public university in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, who had their food intake evaluated through a 24-hour food recall, their nutritional status evaluated based on anthropometric measures, and food cravings evaluated using the Food Desire Questionnaire. Data were collected during an evaluation in the follicular phase (between the 5th and the 9th day of the menstrual cycle) and another in the luteal phase (LP) (between the 20th and the 25th day of the menstrual cycle). For food intake variables, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was used, followed by the Tukey test. The Mann-Whitney test was used for the analysis of food cravings, considering a significance level of 5% (p< 0.05). Results: The desire for foods rich in sugar, salt, and fat, such as chocolate, pastries, snacks and desserts were higher (p< 0.05) during the premenstrual period, although it did not reflect neither a higher energy intake nor an alteration in the distribution of macronutrients. A higher intake of carbohydrates, proteins, fibers, and calcium was observed during the LP; however, without statistical difference between the groups. There were no differences either in the intake of any food group or in the anthropometric measurements (p> 0.05). Conclusion: Food cravings of nutrition students differed between the phases of the menstrual cycle; however, with no difference in food intake and in anthropometric measures.
Palavras-chave: Menstrual cycle. Food intake. Nutrition assessment. Feeding behavior. Luteal phase. Follicular phase.
Acesse em: Do Food Intake and Food Cravings Change during the Menstrual Cycle of Young Women?
Espessura do Músculo Adutor do Polegar como Ferramenta Diagnóstica de Desnutrição em Pacientes Hospitalizados
Estado nutricional e condições ambientais e de saúde de crianças Pataxó, Minas Gerais, Brasil
Resumo: Descrever o estado nutricional e as condições ambientais e de saúde das crianças Pataxó de cinco aldeias de Minas Gerais, Brasil. O estado nutricional foi classificado com base no peso e estatura/comprimento, tendo como referência o padrão de crescimento da Organização Mundial da Saúde. Questionários baseados no I Inquérito Nacional de Saúde e Nutrição dos Povos Indígenas foram utilizados para a avaliação das condições ambientais dos domicílios e de saúde dos menores de cinco anos. Dos 70 menores de dez anos avaliados (93,3%), 34 tinham menos de cinco anos. Não se observaram déficits nutricionais e sobrepeso foi registrado para 11,4% das crianças. A maioria das crianças (74,3%) vivia em domicílios com energia elétrica, 95% em domicílios com latrina/sanitário e 52,9% lançavam dejetos em fossa séptica. A realização de seis ou mais consultas de pré-natal foi reportada por 82,4% das mães dos menores de cinco anos, e 91,2% iniciaram o pré-natal no primeiro trimestre de gestação. Dentre as causas de internações hospitalares nos últimos 12 meses (23,5%), somente uma foi devido à diarreia e nenhuma por causa de infecções respiratórias. Foram verificadas coberturas universais para a maioria das vacinas avaliadas. A inexistência de déficits nutricionais entre as crianças Pataxó pode estar associada às melhores condições de habitação, saneamento e cobertura das ações básicas de saúde infantil quando comparadas às condições verificadas no I Inquérito Nacional de Saúde e Nutrição dos Povos Indígenas e de estudos pontuais. Este trabalho pretende subsidiar discussões e ações que visem a melhorias do estado nutricional infantil dos indígenas no Brasil.
Palavras-chave: Saúde de Populações Indígenas. Antropometria. Índios Sul-Americanos. Estado Nutricional.
Acesse em: Estado nutricional e condições ambientais e de saúde de crianças Pataxó, Minas Gerais, Brasil
Estado nutricional de escolares adolescentes no Brasil: a Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde dos Escolares 2015
Resumo: Introdução: A obesidade é um problema crescente no Brasil em todos os grupos etários. Excesso de peso ao final da adolescência indica probabilidade elevada de peso não saudável na vida adulta. Objetivo:Descrever dados antropométricos da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde dos Escolares (PeNSE) 2015 e sua distribuição segundo estratos geográficos e socioeconômicos. Métodos: Dados da PeNSE 2015 foram utilizados. A amostra desta análise compreende adolescentes com idade entre 11 e 19 anos de escolas públicas e privadas com dados antropométricos disponíveis. O estado nutricional foi classificado segundo valores de referência para o índice de massa corporal (IMC), propostos pela International Obesity Task Force (IOTF). As estimativas das prevalências de déficit de peso e de excesso de peso e seus respectivos erros padrão foram apresentados. A associação entre os indicadores antropométricos e as características demográficas ou sociais dos adolescentes foi estimada por odds ratio e os seus respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95% foram apresentados. Resultados: A prevalência de déficit de peso foi inferior a 3%. As maiores prevalências de excesso de peso foram observadas em adolescentes que se declararam negros ou indígenas, da região sul, da área urbana e dos quintos mais baixos de renda. Em geral, a prevalência de excesso de peso foi maior entre adolescentes que frequentavam escolas privadas. Conclusão: O excesso de peso é mais frequente entre adolescentes dos estratos de baixa renda. Além de indicador do estado nutricional, o excesso de peso pode indicar desigualdade social no Brasil.
Palavras-chave: Levantamentos sanitários. Avaliação nutricional. Adolescentes. Sobrepeso. Brasil. IMC.
Palavras-chave: Maturidade Sexual. Biomarcadores. Composição Corporal. Adolescente.
Acesse em: Fenótipos corporais na adolescência e a maturação sexual
Perfil das áreas técnicas de alimentação e nutrição de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil: organização para tomadas de decisão
Resumo: Mato Grosso do Sul é líder nacional em mortes atribuíveis ao excesso de peso. O objetivo foi analisar a organização da gestão das ações da área de alimentação e nutrição dos municípios de MS. Estudo descritivo-exploratório realizado em MS, no qual cada gestor municipal de alimentação e nutrição respondeu sobre seu perfil, atuação, governança e financiamento. A análise de dados valeu-se de frequência, teste qui-quadrado e árvore de decisão. Todos participaram (n=79), a maioria era do sexo feminino (92,4%), raça/cor branca (62%), enfermeiros (45,6%) ou nutricionistas (36,7%). A gestão financeira mostrou-se tão incipiente no estado, que financiamentos específicos da área foram desprezados. A ausência de área técnica no organograma do município foi congruente com o desconhecimento de ações, metas e alocação de recursos; sua presença coincidiu com haver responsáveis técnicos formalmente indicados, política de alimentação e nutrição municipal, metas e elaboração de materiais. A árvore de decisão mostra que ter nutricionista na equipe traz efeitos positivos, como mais participação em processos decisórios. Falhas encontradas esclarecem, em parte, causas da grave situação do estado, e podem apoiar a criação de estratégias de intervenção.
Palavras-chave: Administração de Serviços de Saúde; Atenção Primária à Saúde; Programas e Políticas de Nutrição e Alimentação; Gestão em Saúde.
Prontidão das Unidades de Saúde da Atenção Primária para Avaliação Antropométrica em Campo Grande-MS
Resumo: O acompanhamento da situação nutricional é ferramenta essencial de gestão, subsidiando o planejamento, a execução e a avaliação de ações em saúde. Por isso, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a prontidão das Unidades de Saúde da Atenção Primária para avaliação antropométrica em Campo Grande-MS. Foi aplicado às referências técnicas de cada unidade de saúde relacionadas à Atenção Primária à Saúde, um questionário sobre o funcionamento, infraestrutura, recursos materiais e humanos, além de ações realizadas relacionadas à Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional (VAN). Os resultados mostram uma situação heterogênea das unidades do município segundo o índice de Prontidão para VAN, dizendo que há unidades preparadas e despreparadas para VAN dentro de um mesmo território. Para isso, são necessárias algumas melhorias, como equipamentos, capacitações dos profissionais de saúde desde a coleta de dados antropométricos e inclusão no sistema, e ainda dos marcadores de consumo alimentar, além da sensibilização quanto a importância de se analisar os relatórios gerados, assim como pelos gestores do município, visando à
valorização do SISVAN enquanto sistema de informação em saúde essencial para organização e gestão do cuidado da situação alimentar e nutricional de Campo Grande.
Palavras-chave: Atenção Primária à Saúde. Antropometria. Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional.
Acesse em: Prontidão das Unidades de Saúde da Atenção Primária para Avaliação Antropométrica em Campo Grande-MS
Protein supplement obtained from almonds of bacuri fruit (Attalea phalerata Mart. Ex Spreng.): elaboration, nutritional characterization and sensory acceptability
Resumo: Bacuri (Attalea phalerata Mart. Ex Spreng.) is a fruit belonging to Palmae family, found in Mato Grosso do Sul – Brazil with great nutritional potential. The objective of the present study was to perform processing, elaboration, nutritional analysis and sensorial acceptability test of protein supplement formulations with bacuri almonds aiming its use by vegetarian public and sportsmen. Bacuri almonds were processed to lyophilized flour of the protein isolate, and then mixed with other ingredients to produce two supplement formulations: F1 containing 70% bacuri lyophilized almond flour, and F2 containing 35% bacuri lyophilized almond flour and 35% commercial supplement. Nutritional composition analysis, amino acid determination and sensory analysis were performed. Both supplements presented high protein content. F1 and F2 were significant different for energy, moisture, ashes, proteins and carbohydrates content. Amino acid profile was satisfactory for methionine, cysteine, phenylalanine and tyrosine for both. Sensory analysis showed acceptability indexes above the minimum limit of 70%, which is considered accepted. Thus, bacuri almond is an alternative ingredient in plant food supplements. However, its isolated use (F1) still needs further testing for sensory acceptability indices improvement.
Palavras-chave: Cerrado Fruits. Food. Formulated. Food Analysis. Dietary Supplements.
Risk assessment of obesity-related Noncommunicable Diseases through BMI trajectories in adulthood
Resumo: Aim: To assess the impact of adult body mass index (BMI) trajectories on therisk of obesity-related noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in the U.S. adultsafter adjustment for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors.Methods: Data were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Exami-nation Survey conducted from 2007 to 2018, including male and female partici-pants aged 29–59 years. Rao-Scott adjusted chi-square was employed to detectassociations between categorical variables in descriptive analyses. Cox propor-tional hazards models estimated hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence inter-vals (CI) for NCDs and BMI trajectories, adjusted for sociodemographic andlifestyle factors. Kaplan–Meier curves illustrated the cumulative incidenceover time.Results: Analyses were carried out on 15 721 participants and revealing signif-icant differences among BMI trajectories in terms of demographic, lifestyle,and health characteristics. The overall prevalence of NCDs was 28.0% (95%CI:26.6–28.9). The cumulative incidence over time was higher in the highincrease, moderate increase, and mixed trajectory groups, with a correspond-ingly higher cumulative risk (p < 0.001). Non-overweight trajectory was con-sidered reference category in Cox models. The BMI trajectories wereindependently associated with an increased risk of NCDs, even after adjustingfor potential confounders (HR: 1.7; 95%CI: 1.4–1.9 for moderate increase; HR:3.6; 95%CI: 3.2–4.1 for high increase; and HR: 2.4; 95%CI: 2.1–2.7, for mixed).Furthermore, differences between males and females were also observed.Conclusion: The transition to and persistence of obesity into adulthoodincreases the risk of NCDs. The implementation of targeted interventions withlong-term monitoring of BMI may be beneficial in the prevention of futureobesity-related NCDs.
Acesse em: Risk assessment of obesity-related Noncommunicable Diseases through BMI trajectories in adulthood
Suplementação de Vitamina D Induz Remodelação Cardíaca em Ratos: Associação com a Proteína de Interação com a Tiorredoxina e a Tiorredoxina
Resumo: Fundamento: A vitamina D (VD) tem um importante papel na função cardíaca. No entanto, a vitamina exerce uma curva “dose-resposta” bifásica na fisiopatologia cardiovascular e pode causar efeitos deletérios, mesmo em doses não tóxicas. A VD exerce suas funções celulares ligando-se ao seu receptor. Ainda, a expressão da proteína de interação com a tiorredoxina (TXNIP) é positivamente regulada pela VD. A TXNIP modula diferentes visa de sinalização celular que podem ser importantes para a remodelação cardíaca. Objetivos: Avaliar se a suplementação com VD leva à remodelação cardíaca, e se a TXNIP e a tiorredoxina (Trx) estão associadas com esse processo. Métodos: Duzentos e cinquenta ratos Wistar machos foram alocados em três grupos: controle (C, n=21), sem suplementação com VD; VD3 (n = 22) e VD10 (n=21), suplementados com 3,000 e 10,000 UI de VD/ kg de ração, respectivamente, por dois meses. Os grupos foram comparados por análise de variância (ANOVA) com um fator e teste post hoc de Holm-Sidak (variáveis com distribuição normal), ou pelo teste de Kruskal-Wallis e análise post-hoc de Dunn. O nível de significância para todos os testes foi de 5%. Resultados: A expressão de TXNIP foi mais alta e a atividade do Trx foi mais baixa no grupo VD10. Os animais que receberam suplementação com VD apresentaram aumento de hidroperóxido lipídico e diminuição de superóxido dismutase e glutationa peroxidase. A proteína Bcl-2 foi mais baixa no grupo VD10. Observou-se uma diminuição na β-oxidação de ácidos graxos, no ciclo do ácido tricarboxílico, na cadeia transportadora de elétrons, e um aumento na via glicolítica. Conclusão: A suplementação com VD levou à remodelação cardíaca e esse processo pode ser modulado por TXNIP e Trx, e consequentemente por estresse oxidativo.
Palavras-chave: Vitamina D. Remodelação Ventricular. Ratos. Tiorredoxinas. Estresse Oxidativo.
The allometric scaling of body mass and height in children and adolecents in five countries
Resumo: Objective: The purpose a methodology that excludes values outside of the expected spectrum for age (VOESA) of height and body mass in the definition of power (p) to construct an international allometric body mass index (AI) for children and adolescents. Methods: Datasets of national surveys including individuals (aged 0-19 years) from five countries (Brazil, South Korea, Mexico, England, and the USA) were selected. The p was defined for each country, age range, and sex after exclusion of VOESA for height and weight by log-log linear regression, where β represented p. The p was also defined for a pool of five countries, international p (ip) after exclusion of VOESA using a spline modeling technique (5 knots). The AI was calculated and Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) was calculated to investigate the correlation between AI and height. Results: Exclusion of VOESA decreased the difference of p among countries. Exponent p showed values close to 2 in the first years of life, increased to 3-3.5 between 7 and 11 years for girls and 8 to 12 years for boys, and decreased to close to 2 near the end of growth (16 years for girls and 19 years for boys). The use of ip for all countries decreased r values to near zero while BMI had values near 0.4. Conclusions: Exclusion of VOESA contributes to a decreased effect of epidemiological context among countries when calculating the AI. AI calculated using ip is independent of height in all countries and reflects physiological growth changes for children and adolescents.
Acesse em: The allometric scaling of body mass and height in children and adolecents in five countries
The effects of the low-carb diet in the body composition and weight loss
Resumo: Numerous approaches are advised for reducing weight, like consistent physical activity, medication, surgical procedures, and strict-eating plans. These can be taken up individually or combined to attain the sought-after outcomes and, as a result, hinder complications linked to being overweight (Paoli, 2014). In this context, restrictive diets show up as one of the most used strategies. Purpose: To verify the efectiveness of the low-carb diet in changing body composition. Methods This integrative review used the databases PubMed, Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS) and Scientifc Electronic Library Online (SciELO). Data were collected from 2016 to July 2020, using the following descriptors in Portuguese and English: “low carbohydrate diet,” “ketogenic diet,” and “low carbohydrate diet and weight loss.” Results: The search resulted in 10 trials and 4 reviews. After descriptive analysis, the results showed that the ketogenic diet (20–50 g of carbohydrates/day), a low-carb diet variant, is the most studied and generates positive outcomes, but its less extreme variant (<130 g/day) also leads to a reduction of the weight. It is possible that a low-carb diet has efects on body composition such as weight and body fat and, when combined with exercise, can prevent the loss of muscle mass. The lowcarb diet changes body composition with weight loss, body fat reduction, and muscle mass maintenance. Conclusion: The low-carb diet proved to be as efcient as conventional hypoenergetic diets, but little is known about its
long-term maintenance
Palavras-chave: Body weight change. Carbohydrate-restricted diet. Caloric restriction. Diet. Food. Nutrition.
Acesse em: The effects of the low-carb diet in the body composition and weight loss
The Effects of Supplementing Hancornia speciosa (Mangaba) on Bowel Motility and Inflammatory Profile of Wistar Rats
Resumo: The prevalence of gastrointestinal disorders, such as constipation, has been increasing. Genetic factors and lifestyle are some of the etiologies of this issue, affecting the health of the population. Natural products have properties that contribute to health maintenance and health promotion, including reduction of the inflammatory process. Hancornia speciosa, popularly known as mangaba, is an abundant and native fruit in the Brazilian Cerrado, commercialized for culinary purposes and used because of its pharmacological properties. The objective of this study was to evaluate if the supplementation of different concentrations of mangaba pulp can improve intestinal motility and bowel health in Wistar rats. Forty male rats were divided into five groups. The experiment lasted 14 days and the groups were tested with water, industrialized laxative jelly made from tamarind as medication, or mangaba at 5, 10, and 15 mL/kg of body weight. Food intake, weight gain, ion balance, intestinal motility, and histopathological analysis of the small intestine, large intestine, and liver were evaluated. Supplementation of mangaba pulp at its highest concentration (15 mL/kg body weight) caused a 15% increase in the distance traveled by the charcoal meal, and a decrease in serum magnesium levels and white cells in both the small and large intestines. The results suggest that mangaba pulp presents laxative, anti-inflammatory properties and that its consumption is beneficial and should be encouraged.
Palavras-chave: Apocynaceae. Anti-inflammatory agents. Gastrointestinal. Laxatives. Motility.
The Use of Natural Fiber-Rich Food Product Is Safe and Reduces Aberrant Crypt Foci in a Pre-Clinical Mode
Resumo: Background: Colorectal cancer is a highly prevalent disease, requiring effective strategies for prevention and treatment. The present research aimed to formulate a natural fiber-rich food product (NFRFP) and to evaluate its safety, toxicogenetics, and effects on aberrant crypt foci induced by 1,2-dimethyl-hydrazine in a preclinical model. Methods: A total of 78 male Wistar rats were distributed in six experimental groups: negative control, positive control (1,2-Dimethylhydrazine-40 mg/Kg), and four groups fed with 10% NFRFP: NFRFP, pre-treatment protocol, simultaneous treatment, and post-treatment protocol. Results: The NFRFP was shown to be a good source of fibers and did not change biometric, biochemical, hematological, and inflammatory parameters, and did not induce signs of toxicity and genotoxicity/carcinogenicity. NFRFP exhibited a chemopreventive effect, in all protocols, with damage reduction (% DR) of 75% in the comet test. NFRFP reduced the incidence of aberrant crypt outbreaks by 49.36% in the post-treatment protocol. Conclusions: The results suggest the applicability of NFRFP in the human diet due to potential production at an industrial scale and easy technological application in different products, since it could be incorporated in food without altering or causing small changes in final product sensory characteristics.
Palavras-chave: 1,2-dimethylhydrazine. Aberrant crypt foci. Chemoprevention. Dietary fibers. Functional foods.
Tucum-do-Pantanal (Bactris setosa Mart.): Physicochemical Characterization of Almonds, Press Cake and Crude Oil
Resumo: Brazil has high diversity of native fruits with high nutritional and biochemical value. Bactris setosa Mart. (tucum-do-Pantanal) stands out by its oil-rich almond. This study aimed to determine the physicochemical characteristics of tucum-do-Pantanal almond and its by-products: press cake and crude oil. The almond of tucum-do-Pantanal had total weight of 0.81g, lager diameter 10.87mm, small diameter 8.21mm, height 12.50, weight of almond 0.38g, weight of endocarp 0.25g. In relation to the chemical analysis, the cake had higher ash, protein and carbohydrate contents than the almond. On the other hand, the content of moisture, lipids and calories were higher in the almond. The press cake showed 636.80 g kg-1 of total fiber. The fatty acids that predominated in tucum-do-Pantanal oil were lauric (58.48), myristic (12.59) and oleic (10.15%) acids. The oil of tucum-do-Pantanal had an acid index of 3.01 KOH / g, peroxide index of 4.84 meq / kg, saponification index of 140.91 mg KOH / oil g, iodine index of 3.72 gI2 / 100 g, refractive index of 1.46, density of 0.92 g / mL, water content of 493.11 ppm and oxidation stability of 32.01 h. The results suggest that tucum-do-Pantanal almond as an important source of oil, calories and fibers, with potential use in the food industry.
Palavras-chave: Food analysis. Fatty acids. Tucum-do-Pantanal. Pantanal.
Xanthophyll β-cryptoxanthin treatment inhibits hepatic steatosis without altering vitamin A status in β-carotene 9′,10′-oxygenase knockout mice
Resumo: Background: β-cryptoxanthin (BCX), one of the major carotenoids detected in human circulation, can protect against the development of fatty liver disease. BCX can be metabolized through β-carotene-15,15′-oxygenase (BCO1) and β-carotene-9′,10′-oxygenase (BCO2) cleavage pathways to produce both vitamin A and apo-carotenoids, respectively, which are considered important signaling molecules in a variety of biological processes. Recently, we have demonstrated that BCX treatment reduced hepatic steatosis severity and hepatic total cholesterol levels in both wide type and BCO1-/-/BCO2-/- double knock out (KO) mice. Whether the protective effect of BCX is seen in single BCO2-/- KO mice is unclear. Methods: In the present study, male BCO2-/- KO mice at 1 and 5 months of age were assigned to two groups by age and weight-matching as follows: (I) -BCX control diet alone (AIN-93 purified diets); (II) +BCX 10 mg (supplemented with 10 mg of BCX/kg of diet) for 3 months. At 4 and 8 months of age, hepatic steatosis and inflammatory foci were evaluated by histopathology. Retinoids and BCX concentrations in liver tissue were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Hepatic protein expressions of SIRT1, acetylated and total FoxO1, PGC1α, and PPARα were determined by the Western blot analysis. Real-time PCR for gene expressions (MCAD, SCD1, FAS, TNFα, and IL-1β gene expression relative to β-actin) was conducted in the liver. Results: Steatosis was detected at 8 months but not at 4 months of age. Moreover, BCX supplementation significantly reduced the severity of steatosis in the livers of BCO2 KO mice, which was associated with changes in hepatic SIRT1 acetylation of FOXO1, PGC1α protein expression and PPARα protein expression in BCO2-/- KO mice. HPLC analysis showed that hepatic BCX was detected in BCX supplemented groups, but there were no differences in the hepatic levels of retinol and retinyl palmitate (RP) among all groups. Conclusions: The present study provided experimental evidence that BCX intervention can reduce liver steatosis independent of BCO2.
Palavras-chave: Fatty liver. Oxygenases. β-cryptoxanthin (BCX).